In the past, this upazila was under the ancient state of Kamrup or pre-Jyotishpur. In 1206 AD, Ghiyasuddin Khilji, the ruler of Gaur, captured Kamrup. At this time the Brahmaputra valley i.e. the whole of Nageshwari came under his control. On the orders of King Mohammad Shah, his nephew Malik Khasru proceeded to conquer China through the Brahmaputra river at Kurigram.But due to inaccessible roads and steep slopes, he was attacked by the opposition and returned unsuccessfully despite having one lakh cavalry. In the thirteenth century, the Ahoms occupied the eastern part of the Brahmaputra river (the whole of Assam except Goalpara district) and named it Ahom Kingdom. At this time a separate state called Kamatapur was established on the western border of Kamrup state.This state included Roumari in present-day Kurigram, the whole of Kurigram except Rajibpur and Goalpara and Dhubri in Assam. At that time Nageshwari was under the kingdom of Kamatapur. The village of Kamata Angaria near the Bhurungamari bus stand still stands as a tradition or witness of the Kamatapur state.Shah Ismail Ghazi, the general of Sultan Barbak Shah of Gaur, conquered Kamrup in 1464 AD. At this time the greater Rangpur district came under his control. It is believed that Kameshwar, the ruler of Kamrup, fought with Shah Ismail Ghazi at a place called Nageshwari Santoshpur. In the fifteenth century, the Hindu kings of the Khen dynasty ruled the kingdom of Kamatapur for some time.In 1506, Tarabak Kha crossed the Brahmaputra river with a large fleet to capture the kingdom of Nageshwari or Kamatapur, but failed and returned. Later, on the occasion of the weak heirs of Alauddin Hussain Shah, a Koch Sardar named Vishnu ended the Afghan rule and occupied a part of the then greater Rangpur and renamed it Koch Bihar. At this time Nageshwari Koch was included in Bihar. Until 1953, Koch Bihar existed as an independent state.When Sher Shah occupied Bangladesh in 1541 AD, he made the Nageshwari region under the province of Sube Bengal from Kochbihar. He divided the whole of Bengal into 19 governments for the convenience of governance. One of them is Ghora Ghat Sarkar (now included in Dinajpur district). Nageshwari was then under the Ghoraghat government.A few days later, he was part of the Ghoraghat government, namely Baharband (now Kurigram Sadar Upazila), Vitarband (now Nageshwari Upazila), Panga (now Barbari), Koteshwar, Gaybari (now Bhurungamari Upazila), Purbabhag (now Fulbari Upazila) and Patgram (under Lalmonir Hat District). He formed the government of Bengal with Bhabaniganj (an upazila under Gaibandha district).Since everyone wanted to occupy this area, Sher Shah named it "Sarkar Bangalbhum" or the land of Bengal in order to identify this area in a special way. After the death of Sher Shah, Koch Raja took over the government of Bengal in 1545. Even during the reign of Emperor Akbar, the Mughals could not save the region from the Kochs. In 161, Aurangzeb's general Mir Jumla attacked Kochbihar and the government liberated Bengal.At this time Mir Jumla stayed at Mughalkata in Bhurungamari upazila for about three years. On his way back for the second time, he fell ill on the way in 183 and died at Manak Char in Assam. He was buried on a hill in Assam. This hill is now known as Mir Joomla hill. From then on Nageshwari was ruled by the Mughals and their created zamindars.

Background of Thana creation:

    The people of the region did not accept the outcome of the battle of Palashi in 1757. For this reason the locals of some parts of the greater Rangpur and Dinajpur districts declared an independent state and named this independent state the independent state of Rangpur. Nuruddin took charge as the Nawab of this state. Under his leadership the zamindars kept the Nageshwari region free till the first decade of the eighteenth century. Until the first decade of the eighteenth century, the British waged a long war to capture independent Rangpur.To deal with this war, Nawab Nuruddin divided the state of Rangpur into smaller parts. Recognized each part as an administrative unit to counter the British attack and built army barracks in each unit. As the soldiers of Nawab Nuruddin used to stay in this army camp, people used to say in the local language that the soldiers had stopped in the army camp. And this army camp was called "Thana".This is how the administrative unit called Thana of that time came into being. Payradanga of Nageshwari was a thana established by Nawab Nuruddin which included the present Nageshwari, Bhurungmari and Phulbari upazilas. Which was ruled by a heroic general or police officer named Abhayagir. At present it is known as Payradanga Math. Thus the idea of ​​the first "thana" was born during the reign of Nawab Nuruddin. Later, the word "thana" used by Nuruddin as a Bengali synonym for police station was adopted.

Thana creation time:

The state of Rangpur fell in the first decade of the eighteenth century and Nageshwari Thana was the last independent thana / area occupied by the British in the country. According to the Karna Walish Code, the British established police stations in other parts of Bangladesh, but the Nageshwari police station was established in the first decade of the eighteenth century.It is to be noted that after the occupation of this upazila by the British, Nageshwari Thana was not re-established at Payradanga but was established near Haldikura Bridge 3 miles north of Payradanga. In 1911, Nageshwari was demolished and another thana called Bhurungamari was formed.

Upgradation to Upazila:

      After the coming of Ershad government, the police station was transformed into a standardized police station as an administrative unit. These standardized police stations were later renamed as upazilas and subdivisions as administrative units. On 14 April 1984, Nageshwari Thana was turned into an upazila.